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J..MeL. MOMU'RTRIB.

APPARATUS FOR DISTRIBUTION AND BURNING OP FLUID HYDROGARBO'NS.

' FOR LIGHTING ORHEATING PURPOfiBS.

N0. 549,073. I Patented 0013, 291 113955. I it? f i m m w ANDREW I.GRAKAM. HIUTOUPIQWASNINGI'UILDL (No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet '2.

I J. MoL. MOMURTRIE. APPARATUS run DISTRIBUTION ANDBURNING OFPLUID HYDROUARBONS FOR LIGHTING 0R HEATING PURPOSES.

No. 549,073. K Patented Oct. 2 9, 1895.

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' J. MOL. MGMU'RTRIEJ APPARATUS FOR DISTRIBUTION AND BURNING 0F PLI I ID HYDROGARBONS FOR LIGHTING 0R HEATING PURPOSES.

No. 549,073. Patented Oct. 29, 1895.-

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PATENT Orrion.

JOHN MCLEOWNAN MCMURTRIE, OF GLASGOW, SCOTLAND, ASSIGNOR TO THE LUCAL, LIMITED, OF SAME PLACE.

APPARATUS FOR DISTRIBUTION ANDBURNING OFFLUID HYDROCARBONS FOR LIGHTING 0R HEATING PURPOSES.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 549,073, dated October 29, 1895.

' Application filed April 6, 1895. Serial No. 544,831. (No model.) Patented in England September 5, 1893, No. 16,701, and in France August 24, 1894,1To. 240,950.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, JOHN MoLEowNAN MCMURTRIE, engineer, of Pollokshields, Glasgow, Scotland, have invented new and useful Improvements in and Relating to Apparatus for the Distribution and Burning of Fluid Hydrocarbons for Lighting or Heating Purposes, (for which I have obtained patents in Great Britain, No. l6,701, dated September 5, 1893, and in France, No. 240,950, dated August 24, 18945,) of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to apparatus for the distribution and burning of fluid hydrocarbons for lighting and heating purposes.

My said invention further comprises other improvements hereinafter described.

In the accompanying drawings I have shown how my said invention may be conveniently and advantageously. carried into practice.

Figure 1 is a side elevation, partly in vertical central section, showing a vapor-burner or industrial lamp with a gasifier or superheater applied thereto according to my said invention. Fig. 2 is a section on the line mm, Fig. 1, and Fig. 3 a section on the line 00 00', Fig. 2 illustrating details of construction. Fig. 4 is a horizontal section on the lines 00 00 Fig. 1, drawn to an enlarged scale. Fig. 5 is a side elevation of a burnenhead, showing another modification of my invention. Fig. 6 is a side elevation of a portable lamp constructed according to my said invention. Fig. 7 is a diagram illustrating my improved means for the distribution of liquid hydrocarbon t0 vapor-burners or industrial lamps. I

Like letters indicate corresponding parts throughout the drawings.

My said invention consists partly in the combination, with a nozzle or burner and with a vaporizing-coil connected at its upper-or outer end with asupply-pipe, of a gasifying or superheating coillocated above or beyond the vaporizing-coil and connected with the said nozzle or burner and with the lower or inner end of said vaporizing-coil next the nozzle or burner.

My said invention also partly consists in the combination, with the nozzle or burner and a vaporizing-coil, of a gasifying or superheat ing coil-pipe secured at its ends by unions or couplings to the bottom or base of the lamphead, which is formed with suitable passages whereby the said coil-pipe is connected, respectively, with the nozzle or burner and the vaporizing-coil, so that said gasifying or superheatingcoil can be very readily removed and replaced when necessary vwithout disturbing the vaporizing-coil and can be easily altered by shortening its legs, so as to vary the positions of the coil in the flame, or, if desired, can for this purpose be replaced by a coil having longer or shorter legs, as may be required. In this manner the position of the coil relatively to the flame can be accurately adjusted so as to obtain the best results. The arrangement above mentioned affords, moreover, the advantage that any scale or dirt carried through the vaporizing and superheating coils will .remain in the passage formed in the bottom or base of the lamphead, and therefore cannot enter and choke the nozzle or burner.

I sometimes use the said gasifier or superheater for superheating and drying or converting into a permanent gas steam which has been generated in the vaporizing-coil, the gas or dry steam being discharged from the burner together with liquid hydrocarbon supplied directly theret-o. In other instances I supply a liquid hydrocarbon directly to the burner, and at the same time pass another vol atile hydrocarbon through the vaporizing-coil and gasifier or superheater and conduct the gas or vapor thence to the burner, where it is burned, together with the hydrocarbon sup plied directly to the burner. V

The combination of the gasifier or superheater with the vaporizing-coil and burner in the manner herein described is an important feature of my said invention, as I am thereby enabled to obviate some of the defects or inconveniences met with in industrial lamps as hitherto constructed.

My said invention also partly consists in the combination, with a main reservoir for fluid hydrocarbon and compressed air,of a distributing pipe or conduit, auxiliary or supplementa'ry tanks connected therewith and with vapor or spray burners or industrial lamps, a two-way cock connected with said distributing pipe or conduit, and pipes connecting said two-way cock with the main reservoir below and above the level of the liquid therein, respectively. I thus provide for the distribution or supply of the hydrocarbon to any desired number of vapor-burners or industrial lamps from a central or main reservoir situated at any convenient distance from the said burners or lamps.

My said invention further comprises other improvements hereinafter fully described and claimed. V

A is the outer metal casing of the burnerhead, which casing is open at the top and closed at the bottom, air being admitted to the interior of the same as hereinafter described.

Bis avaporizing-coil arranged in the upper part of the said casing and connected at its upper or outer end with a supply-pipe a for the water or for the liquid hydrocarbon, as the case may be, the end of the said coil next the nozzle or burner being secured in a socket b in a casting c, forming the bottom or base of the burner-head. This socket b is in communication through a suitable passage 0 in the said casting with another socket d, in which is secured a pipe 6, extending upward outside the coil B to the gasifier or superheater O, which in this arrangement consists of one or more turns or coils of pipe arranged a short distance from the open end of the casing, so that a very hot part of the flame will impinge against it. The said gasifier or superheater is connected with the nozzle or burner D by a pipe f, ex-

tending downward outside the vaporizing-coil B to a socket g in the casting c, which socket is in communication through a passage J in said casting with the said nozzle or burner, the latter being arranged at a suitable distance from the lower end of the coil 13, so as to leave within the casing A a mixing-chamber for the gas or vapor and air. The gasifier or superheater O, being mounted in the sockets d and g independently of or without being directly attached to the coil B, can be very readily removed ,and replaced or renewed, when necessary, at a small cost. This mode of combining the vaporizing-coil,the gasifier or superheater, and the burner also imparts great strength, rigidity, and durability to the apparatus. Moreover, by connecting the top or outer end of the vaporizing-coil B with the supply-pipe, and the lower or inner end thereof with the gasifier or superheater O, I obtain better results than heretofore in respect of insuring the vaporization of the liquid before it enters the gasifier or superheater.

I sometimes arrange an inner supplementary casing it around the vaporizing-coil in such a manner as to leave an annular space between the said casing and the outer casing A, so that air for supporting combustion will pass downward between the two casings. In this manner the temperature of the air is raised as it is drawn into the miximg -chanther.

The nozzle or burner which I prefer to employ is made in the form of a metal cup D, which is screwed into a seating in the casting a and is provided at the bottom with a central hole 2', which communicates through the passagej, socket g, and pipef with the gasifier C.

In the center of the cupD is provided a jet or tube 2', forming a continuation of the passage i, the jet 2'' extending to a short distance below the level of the opening in the cup D, this opening being, moreover, somewhat contracted by means of an internally-projecting flange or washer D as shown in Fig. 1. The burner D is so formed that when screwed into its seating in the casting o it forms together therewith an annular chamber D, which is connected by passages o in the said casting c with a chamber k. The said cup D is, more over, provided with side orifices D communicating with the said annular chamber D, and through which liquid hydrocarbon may be drawn by the action of the jet of steam or hydrocarbon vapor or gas issuing from the central orifice i of the jet 2".

The burner-head shown in the drawings is connected with the stand-pipe m and with a pipe 01. by means of a T-piece E, formed with two passages m n. The passage m is in communication directly with the stand-pipe m and through the pipe at with the upper or outer end of the vaporizing-coil B, while the passage 0?. is in communication directly with the pipe n and through the pipe with the chamber 70. To allow the burner-head to be inclined at any desired angle the pipes aand 7c are connected to the T-piece E by means of coned couplings adapted to be locked in any desired position by means of caps or nuts E.

If desired, the gasifier may be made in the form of an annular chamber or of other convenient shape.

In some cases I prefer that the pipe a should be in communication with a perforated ring Z or other suitable discharging device arranged a short distance above the nozzle or burner D, and concentric therewith, as shown in Fig. 4:. The burner-head in this arrangement is formed with a vaporizingcoil B and gasifier O, as above described, but the T-piece E is provided with a pipe k passing through the casing A and connected with the perforated ring Z. In this case the burner D is made with a central orifice 2', but without the side openings above referred to.

The pipes m and 'n communicate, respectively, with two tanks F and G, preferably arranged one within the other, suitable valves m n being provided to control the flow of the liquid therefrom. Each of the said tanks is provided with a filling-plug, the inner tank F being also provided with an air-pump H, whereby theliquid therein may be put under pressure, this pressure or. part of it being communicated through a cook or valve or through a reducing-valve to the surface of the liquid in the tank G by means of an airpipe F or other passage above the level of the liquids in the said tanks. A pressuregage J is provided and also athree-way cock J, whereby either of the tanks F G may be connected therewith or with the other tank.

The apparatus above described may be very advantageously employed as a steamlamp, in which case the water is placed in the central tank F and is conducted through the pipe 1%, the coil B, and the gasifier C to the central orifice 2' of the burner D. The liquid hydrocarbon is supplied from the tank G to the nozzle or burner D or to the perforated ring Z through the pipe n and the pipe is or as the case may be, the said liquid in the former case flowing or being drawn through the side orifices D into the cup D. By the the burner.

use of the gasifier O in the manner above described the irregularities in burning and other disadvantages incidental to the use of such lamps by reason of water orv saturated vapor being carried over into the burner by the steam will be obviated, since the gasifier will act as a super-heater and insure perfect dryness of the steam. If desired, after the lamp has been started the steam generated by the lamp may be employed for forcing the water from the water-tank through the coils to the burner.

In cases where water supplied under pressure, by gravitation, or otherwise is available I dispense with the water-tank and accesssories. able and uniform pressure, I attach the waterpipe directly to the coil B. g If, however, the pressure be unsteady or too great, I provide a reducing-valve or pressure-regulator on the said pipe. In this case the crude or other oil can be supplied to the burner from the oil-tank by gravitation or by compressed air or by other convenient means.

When my improved apparatus is to be used for heating purposes, I sometimes so employ the same that the steam will be decomposed in the gasifier O. For instance, I allow but a small quantity of oil to How to The gasifier C then gets red-hot, the steam flowing through the same becomes decomposed into its elements, and the gas and hydrocarbon vapor issuing from the burner and mixing with the air burns with a large flame of intense blow pipe heat. By allowing more oil to flow to theburner I can tone down or diminish the heat of the flame, as may be desired.

My improved apparatus can be advanta geously used for heating boilers for the generation of steam or for other purposes.

When my improved lamp is used with two oils, such as petroleum or other refined or partially refined oil and furnace or other crude oil, the petroleum or the like from the tank F follows the same course as the water in the steam lamp and is wholly or partially converted in the gasifier G into a permanent gas, in which state it passes along If the water so supplied is at a suitand passes through the orifices c D into the cup D. This oil is drawn into the flame by the gases issuing from the central orifice t' and is burned therewith.

When my improved lamp is used with a single oil, such as petroleum,the T-piece E is dispensed with and the pipe n serves as the stand-pipe and also for conducting the oil into the top of the vaporizing-coil B.

My improved burner may, if desired, be

made in small sizes, as shown in Fig. 5, so as to be portable and capable of being used for lighting, heating, or burning purposes, in which case I preferablyconstruct the burner to work with a single oil. tion shown in Fig. 5 I forma handle 1) on the flexible pipe n, connectingthe burner with the fuel-tank F, so that the lamp may be conveniently handled, or the said lamp in a modified form may be employed for lighting or for cooking or for other heating purposes.

In Fig. 7 I have illustrated my improved apparatus for the distribution of oil to a number of vapor or spray burners or industrial lamps from a central or main reservoir or supply-station. V

R is a central oil-tank or main reservoir provided with a hand-pump H for producing an air-pressure on the surface of the liquid therein. If desired, however, this pressure may be advantageously obtained by means of a pump driven by steam or other power, or the said tank or reservoir may be arranged at a convenient height above the lamps to be supplied, so thatthe distribution of the oil will be efiected by gravity. The said tank is also provided with a filling plug or valve H, a pressure-gage J, and other accessories, such as level-indicators or the like. From the said tank or reservoir extends a line of piping 8, connected with the several lamps or burners, as hereinafter described. Below each burner is provided a small auxiliary or supplementary tank F which is connected thereto in the usual manner, the. upper portion of the said tank being connected through a cook or back-pressure valve 8' with the line of piping above mentioned. The main line of piping 8 may be put into communication with either the top or the bottom of the supply tank or reservoir B through a two-way cock R, whereby either liquid hydrocarbon or compressed air may be supplied to the auxiliary or supplementary tanks F For example, when the lamps are to be used the supplemental-y tanks are put into communication with the bottom of the reservoir R and are wholly or partially filled with oil. The twoway cock R is then turned so as to put the upper space of the tanks F into communication with the compressedair space in the main reservoir R and the lamps are lighted. In

In the modificathis manner the whole of the'lamps can be supplied from one reservoir, and should any lamp get damaged or go out unobserved the Waste caused thereby will be kept within limits, as each supplementary tank need only contain sufficient oil to supply one lamp for the required period of lighting, and by reason of the back-pressure valve on each tank any damage to an individual tank will not interfere with the general lighting.

It is obvious that the details of my improved apparatus may be somewhat modified without departing from the nature of my said invention. It is evident, moreover, that I can, if desired, use compressed air instead of steam in my improved apparatus, the air following the same course as the water and steam through the two heating-coils.

What I claim is-- 1. An apparatus for the burning of liquid hydrocarbons forlightingor heating purposes; comprising a nozzle or burner connected with one supply-pipe, a vaporizing coil connected atits upper or outer end with another supply-pipe, and a gasifying or superheating coil located above or beyond said vaporizing coil and connected with said nozzle or burner and with the lower or inner end of said vaporizing coil next the nozzle or burner, substan tially as hereinbefore described, and for the purposes specified.

2. In an apparatus for burning liquid hydrocarbons for lighting or heating purposes, the combination, with the bottom or base of the lamp-head, of a nozzle or burner, a vaporizing coil and a gasitying or superheating coil-pipe secured at its ends by unions or couplings to the bottom or base of said lamphead, said base being formed with passages for connecting said coil pipe respectively with the nozzle or burner and with the vaporizing coil, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

3. The combination, with the bottom or base of the lamp-head, of a nozzle or burner attached to said base, a casing surrounding said burner, a supply-pipe connected with said burner for the supply of oil thereto, a vaporizing coil located a short distance from said burner and concentric therewith, which coil is secured at its lower or inner end in a socket in said base, a supply pipe connected with the other end of said vaporizing coil, and a gasit'ying or superheating coil, located above or beyond the vaporizing coil and having its ends secured in sockets in said base so as to be readily removable therefrom,said base being formed with passages connecting the ends of said gasifying or superheating coil with said burner and vaporizing coil respectively, substantially as, and for the purposes, above specified.

4C. In an apparatus for the burning of liquid. hydrocarbons for-lighting or heating purposes, the combination, with the vaporizing and gasifying or superheating coils, and the base of the lamp-head having passages communicating with said coils respectively, of a nozzle or burner secured in a seating in said base and having a cup'provided with a central jet connected by one of said passages with said gasifying or superheating coil, said cup being connected With a supply-pipe by orifices around said jet, substantially as hereinbefore described.

JOHN llIGLEO WNAN MOMURTRIE.

Witnesses:

J. LINDSAY MACKAY, WILLIAM STONE. 

